Think Before
You Build.
Architecture breakdowns, trade-off analyses, and deep dives into building systems that scale — written from production experience.
Designing a Notification Service
Sending billions of push, email, and SMS notifications reliably — fan-out queues, delivery guarantees, user preference management, and why idempotency is everything.
Designing Search Autocomplete
How Google finishes your sentence — trie data structures, top-K prefix queries, distributed aggregation of search trends, and serving suggestions in under 50ms.
Designing a Ride-Sharing App (Uber/Lyft)
Matching riders to drivers in real-time — geospatial indexing, dynamic pricing, the dispatch algorithm, and how to handle the thundering herd when it starts raining.
Designing a Web Crawler
How Google indexes the internet — distributed BFS across billions of pages, politeness constraints, content deduplication, and the surprisingly hard problem of deciding what to crawl next.
Designing a Distributed Key-Value Store
Building a Redis or DynamoDB from scratch — consistent hashing, replication, the CAP theorem, quorum reads and writes, and conflict resolution with vector clocks.
Designing a Video Streaming Platform
How Netflix and YouTube store, encode, and deliver video to 200M concurrent viewers — adaptive bitrate streaming, CDN architecture, and the encoding pipeline.
Designing a News Feed (Twitter/Instagram)
How social platforms generate personalized feeds for hundreds of millions of users — fan-out strategies, ranking signals, and the push vs pull debate.
Designing a Chat System
Behind the scenes of real-time messaging — WebSockets, message storage, delivery guarantees, presence indicators, and how WhatsApp serves 100B messages per day.
Designing a Rate Limiter
How to protect your APIs from abuse and ensure fair usage — covering token buckets, sliding windows, distributed counters, and where to enforce limits.
Designing a URL Shortener
A deep dive into building a production-grade URL shortening service — from hashing strategies and DB schema to caching layers and horizontal scaling.
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New system design breakdowns and backend deep-dives.